• It has been reported that the ECD

  2020-01-22

  

  It has been reported that the ECD of DDRs require dimerization and/or oligomerization for binding to collagen.,, Here, we have established using SPR that antibody-mediated oligomerization of DDR2-Fc significantly enhances its binding to immobilized collagen type 1. Our results are consistent with ea

• Finally we demonstrated for the first time

  2020-01-22

  

  Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that the physiological combinations of estradiol and progesterone levels of premenopausal and postmenopausal women efficiently stimulated the growth of T47D spheroids while clinically relevant concentrations of TPA and UPA suppressed the growth of T47D sph

• The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated

  2020-01-22

  

  The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by estrogen and other growth factors (Alvaro et al., 2006; DeMorrow, 2009; Mancino et al., 2009). It has also been reported that estrogen positively modulates cholangiocyte proliferation, which is associated with cholangiopathies found in humans

• Constitutive activity of Ras Raf MEK ERK

  2020-01-22

  

  Constitutive activity of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway plays a critical role on melanoma growth, thus inhibition of activity of Ras, Raf and MEK can reduce ERK activity, leading to a decrease in melanoma cell proliferation, survival and invasion (Burotto et al., 2014; Paluncic et al., 2016). Our results a

• The growth inhibitory effect of PGE has been linked to

  2020-01-22

  

  The growth inhibitory effect of PGE2 has been linked to the ability of Gs coupled PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 to mediate elevation of cAMP [22], [23]. Evidence suggests that this mechanism may not be the key cause of growth inhibition [24]. In various cell types, EP4 receptor has been shown to utiliz

• Pursuant to our in vitro data that neutrophilic

  2020-01-22

  

  Pursuant to our in vitro data that neutrophilic elastase activated the elastase-dependent oncolytic virus, we initially hypothesized that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils could be the source for elastase in tumor tissue. However, we did not detect neutrophils in the PANC-1 tumor tissue where we observ

• br Results br Discussion The ubiquitin system has in

  2020-01-22

  

  Results Discussion The ubiquitin system has in recent years become an exciting area for drug discovery (Cohen and Tcherpakov, 2010), as multiple enzymatic steps within the ubiquitylation process are druggable. The potential of targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was first demonstrated i

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Innate

  2020-01-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Innate immunity plays an essential role in the control and elimination of bacterial infection through production of inflammatory cytokines (Liu et al., 2015). Production of inflammatory cytokines requires the recognition of bacterial pathogen-associa

• The lack of robust immunocompetent animal

  2020-01-22

  

  The lack of robust immunocompetent animal models permissive for HCV makes it hard to assess if the quantity and quality of vaccine-induced immunity is sufficient to confer protection. Thus, it is difficult to predict to what extent antibody responses induced by current vaccination approaches, includ

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-01-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis, a pathogen able to survive in the hostile conditions through sophisticated defence mechanisms. In an attempt to clarify some aspects of the M. tuberculosis defence mechanisms, we have inves

• Other factors also contribute to replication fork progressio

  2020-01-22

  

  Other factors also contribute to replication fork progression in DNA damage conditions. For instance, the cullin Rtt101 has a role in fork movement through alkylated DNA, probably associated to a damage tolerance mechanism [52], and TORC signaling is also important for fork progression in response t

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion To

  2020-01-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To date, several reports have suggested an involvement of DGK in bipolar disorder. A splice variant at the COOH-terminus of DGKβ has been related to bipolar disorder [15] and DGKβ KO mice showed hyperactive behavior [17]. For the other DGK isoforms,

• LTD and LTC cause contraction in

  2020-01-21

  

  LTD4 and LTC4 cause contraction in the rat stomach and these contractions are sensitive to CysLT1 receptor antagonists (Goldenberg and Subers, 1983, Miura et al., 1992, Miyata et al., 1995). However, effects of other leukotrienes in the gastric contraction and inhibitory effects of potent, selective

• The on target in vitro

  2020-01-21

  

  The on target in vitro pharmacology of 18 was then further explored, first in respect of murine CRTh2 receptor activity (Table 5), where similar levels of activity were found in both a binding and functional assay compared with the human orthologue, consistent with our earlier observations in the su

• Octyl-α-ketoglutarate The significant CRF increase in the DS

  2020-01-21

  

  The significant CRF increase in the DS and the overall changes in the CRF system observed in the VM and DS during the development of sensitization suggest that this neuropeptide (and possibly urocortin) contributes to the specific molecular alterations occurring in the mesolimbic pathway that suppor

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