• Ubiquitin activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a

  2020-06-02

  

  Ubiquitin-activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three-step process with ATP as a cofactor (Chen et al., 2011, Haas and Rose, 1982, Haas et al., 1982). We demonstrated that ATP is required for mRFP-Ub–E1 formation under non-reducing conditions (Fig. 2A). A time course of radioactive ATP producti

• Furthermore Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptos

  2020-06-02

  

  Furthermore, Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. IR induces a rapid nuclear accumulation of survivin and subsequent phosphorylation of the protein in the nucleus. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-localization analyses revealed an interaction among survivin, Ku7

• Introduction Double strand break DSB is the most deleterious

  2020-06-02

  

  Introduction Double strand break (DSB) is the most deleterious damage that threats DNA integrity. This frequent damage arises from environmental stress like UV, chemical agents or ionizing radiations (IRs). Although environmental stress does not lead directly to DSB, it produces GSK 2830371 synthes

• A set of small molecule LigI inhibitors were identified

  2020-06-01

  

  A set of small molecule LigI inhibitors were identified through an in silico structure-based screen, using the atomic resolution structure of LigI complexed with nicked DNA [[18], [26]]. This screen yielded inhibitors that were selective for LigI (L82), inhibited both LigI and LigIII (L67) and inhib

• Previous studies reported that combined administration of

  2020-06-01

  

  Previous studies reported that combined administration of licorice/GL and TWHF/TP showed reduced toxicity and equal or even potentiated therapeutic efficacy when treating arthritis (YS et al., 2006, YS et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2007). Our findings that GL reduced exposure to TP in rats confirmed t

• gtpase Unlike CRM exportins Cse and Xpot

  2020-06-01

  

  Unlike CRM1, exportins Cse1 and Xpot lack a C-extension and instead rely primarily on changes in HEAT-repeat conformation and direct Ran-cargo contacts to ensure low cargo-binding affinity in the cytosol and cooperative assembly of the exportin/Ran/cargo complex in the nucleus (Cook et al., 2005, Co

• The corticotropin releasing factor CRF also referred to as c

  2020-06-01

  

  The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) also referred to as corticotropin-releasing hormone, is a key mediator of mammalian endocrine, behavioral, autonomic, and immune responses to stress (Vale et al., 1981, Owens and Nemeroff, 1991, Bale and Vale, 2004). Within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal

• Astrocytes play a key role

  2020-06-01

  

  Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes

• Furthermore the determination of downstream target genes ind

  2020-05-29

  

  Furthermore, the determination of downstream target genes induced by CdCl2 is noteworthy and can help to define its underlying carcinogenesis mechanism. Therefore, we evaluated c-fos and c-jun expression which are stimulated by estrogen through ERK/MAPK pathway. These are not only proto-oncogenes w

• Further proof is required as

  2020-05-29

  

  Further proof is required as to whether ER membrane receptors play a role in the maintenance of bone mass. It is also possible that other non-genomic pathways may be involved. Nevertheless, whatever the precise mechanism of action of estrogens may be, the imbalance between bone formation and resorpt

• To our knowledge immunohistochemical analysis for proGRP was

  2020-05-29

  

  To our knowledge, immunohistochemical analysis for proGRP was done in 5 cases [9], [10], [17], [18]. Takagi-Takahashi et al. reported that the tumor SIS3 were positive for proGRP in one case [9]. Yamaguchi et al. also showed that tumor cells in two patients of ES/PNET with elevated serum proGRP wer

• Contrary to the profuse dopaminergic

  2020-05-29

  

  Contrary to the profuse dopaminergic innervation of the thalamus found in human and non-human primates (Brown et al., 1979, Sanchez-Gonzalez et al., 2005), in rodents, the RTn is one the few thalamic nuclei that receives dopaminergic input (Anaya-Martinez et al., 2006, Garcia-Cabezas et al., 2007, G

• Recent studies from the literature

  2020-05-29

  

  Recent studies from the literature have identified new IOX4 of antiviral agents able to target diverse host factors indispensable for efficient virus replication: as an example, the human DEAD-box polypeptide 3 (DDX3) inhibitor, 1-[4-(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-o-tolylurea (16d), has

• Our observation that FAK is downregulated

  2020-05-29

  

  Our observation that FAK is downregulated in vascular smooth muscle p-nitro-Cyclic Pifithrin-α on fibrillar collagen confirms observations reported for other cell types [14]. However, unlike the results reported previously [14], our work suggests that matrix rigidity per se does not determine FAK d

• Multiple protein species are known to

  2020-05-29

  

  Multiple protein species are known to naturally exist for the transmembrane receptors DDR1 and DDR2. Five splice variants have been characterized for DDR1 (“a” through “e”). The d and e isoforms lack the intracellular kinase domain of DDR1. The splicing of DDR1 to various extents has been reported i

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