• Nevertheless in the brain we found that trehalose phosphoryl

  2021-11-18

  

  Nevertheless, in the brain, we found that trehalose phosphorylates AMPK, which is a metabolic sensor. AMPK is known to be transiently activated in muscle by acute exercise [21,22]. Bayod et al. also reported that AMPK was significantly activated in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in exercis

• The activation of GPR FFA

  2021-11-18

  

  The activation of GPR40/FFA1 signaling triggers the PLC/PIP2 signaling pathway and results in Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Increased Ca2+ levels may lead to activation of different protein kinases, such as Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV, Akt, extracellular sign

• In spite of decades of research

  2021-11-18

  

  In spite of decades of research the mechanisms of SV endocytosis and recycling remain controversial. Accumulating evidence suggests that SV endocytosis occurs by more than one mechanism (e.g. clathrin-independent endocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, bulk endocytosis; reviewed in (Dittman and

• The H R couples to G i o proteins and

  2021-11-18

  

  The H3R couples to Gαi/o proteins, and hence its stimulation leads to inhibition of adenyalate cyclases, diminishing the level of cyclic AMP (cAMP) with the subsequent reduction in downstream signaling pathways such as protein kinase A (PKA) activation and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CR

• br Recently MST emerged as a critical regulator of

  2021-11-18

  

  Recently, MST1 emerged as a critical regulator of leukocyte function and autoimmunity in humans. Five independent groups reported on autosomal recessive nonsense mutations in the gene STK4 (which encodes for MST1) in human patients with a novel primary immunodeficiency disease (PID), now called ST

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-11-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussions The treated tannery effluent (both MF and MF+RO treated) was free from most of the organic and inorganic loadings as reflected from the values of COD, BOD, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and sulfides etc. Toxicity study of the effluent (both treated

• These to date remain the

  2021-11-18

  

  These to date remain the only two reports of mutations in GC-C found in humans. Perhaps this once again emphasized the critical requirement of the presence of an optimally functional GC-C in the intestine, since neither its loss, nor its hyperactivity, can be tolerated in humans without severe conse

• br Acknowledgments This research was supported

  2021-11-18

  

  Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports by grants MSM LH11013 and Czech Grant Agency (501/12/0590). David Kopečný and Martina Kopečná were supported by the grant LO1204 from the National Program of Sustainability I by the Ministry of Educat

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-11-17

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion The inhibitory action of a GABA agonist, muscimol, on the level of mRNA encoding GnRH in the POA-hypothalamus [25] of follicular-phase sheep has suggested that at the hypothalamic level GABA may exert a suppressive effect on subsequent steps of the Gn

• Notch signaling maintains the balance

  2021-11-17

  

  Notch signaling maintains the balance between neural stem cells and neural progenitors (Aguirre et al., 2010, Basak and Taylor, 2007, Mizutani et al., 2007). Conditional knock out of Notch causes depletion in the progenitor pool, showing that Notch is required for the maintenance of neural stem cell

• The overall decrease in consummatory drive seen in rodents

  2021-11-17

  

  The overall decrease in consummatory drive seen in rodents treated with naltrexone in previous studies is in accordance with the effects seen with mice treated with SNAP 37889 in this study. While it may seem inappropriate to use a broad-acting drug like SNAP 37889 that suppresses overall consummato

• br Acknowledgement We like to thank

  2021-11-17

  

  Acknowledgement We like to thank the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy for financial support (GZ402.000/00014-WF/V/6/2016 within the Sino-Austria project) as well as Andrea Szabo and Patricia Haiss for support regarding the drawing of figures and tables. Farnesoid X Re

• depicts the synthesis of series

  2021-11-17

  

  depicts the synthesis of series with a four-step sequence. First, the commercially available 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde () was condensed with 2-bromoethanol through Mitsunobu reaction to give the key intermediate (). Next, conventional nucleophilic substitution reaction with the privileged structures (–)

• According to the implication of

  2021-11-17

  

  According to the implication of the endocannabinoid system in IBD, we decided in our laboratory to develop selective CB agonists and FAAH inhibitors to treat these diseases. Recently, we described 3-carboxamido-5-aryl-isoxazoles as selective CB agonists. This series of isoxazoles possesses a 2-subst

• Moreover long term treatment of

  2021-11-17

  

  Moreover, long term treatment of leukemia cells with imatinib activates AKT, ERK and STAT5 signaling pathway and induce upregulation of EZH2 protein in patients with CML, Ph + ALL and human eosinophilic leukemia cell line (EOL-1 cells) [142]. So, resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatini

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