• Several mechanisms have been suggested to underline

  2022-02-08

  

  Several mechanisms have been suggested to underline the release of signalling molecules from astrocytes: reverse operation of glutamate transporters, volume-regulated anion channels, gap-junctional hemi channels, diffusional release through purinergic receptors and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis [2], [15

• br Hedgehog pathway in embryonic development

  2022-02-08

  

  Hedgehog pathway in embryonic development It is now well established that the Hedgehog pathway solves a role as one of the essential signaling mechanisms for the modulation of cellular growth and differentiation during embryogenesis. Operating through time- and position-dependent mechanisms, this

• Aspartame l aspartyl l phenylalanine methylester is a

  2022-02-08

  

  Aspartame (l-aspartyl l-phenylalanine methylester) is a dipeptide artificial sweetener that is widely used as a non-nutritive sweetener in various food products [1]. The increased market of dietary products and the development of new synthetic sweetening compounds have not been sufficiently explored

• Glutathione transferases EC also referred to as glutathione

  2022-02-08

  

  Glutathione transferases (EC 2.5.1.18; also referred to as glutathione S-transferases, GSTs) are ubiquitous and promiscuous enzymes that catalyze various kinds of reactions involving a wide variety of substrates that are toxic and chemically reactive (Angelucci et al., 2005). The primary function of

• br Action of GPR in metabolically active tissues

  2022-02-08

  

  Action of GPR55 in metabolically active tissues In addition to being highly expressed by discrete brain regions, as described in Section 2, GPR55 is also expressed in a wide range of peripheral tissues, including spleen, adrenals and bone (Sawzdargo et al., 1999, Ryberg et al., 2007, Whyte et al.

• A few methods have been developed to

  2022-02-08

  

  A few methods have been developed to separate and prepare compounds from L. chinensis, such as silica gel column chromatography [5,6] and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [7]. Silica gel column chromatography is still used for its simple equipment and low cost. However, this method is o

• In addition to their functional activation

  2022-02-07

  

  In addition to their functional activation of GPR109A, compounds of the pyrazolopyrimidine class also enhanced the binding of nicotinic beta 3 agonist to the receptor. For instance, increased the binding of H-nicotinic acid to the receptor (black curve) in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas

• br Introduction The third variable

  2022-02-07

  

  Introduction The third variable (V3) loop of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein (Env) on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) becomes exposed after the virus binds CD4, the initial receptor; the V3 loop plays an important role in contacting the coreceptor CCR5 or CXCR4 to media

• Ironically another series of studies examining the role of

  2022-02-07

  

  Ironically, another series of studies examining the role of EAATs in CNS injury and disease suggest that under some pathological conditions, the operation of the EAATs is not protective, but actually contributes to the excitotoxic process (Rossi et al., 2000). The transporters do so by serving as th

• The present in vitro experiments

  2022-02-07

  

  The present in vitro experiments confirm previous suppositions (Ciosek, Gałecka, 2011, Izdebska, Ciosek, 2010) that Gal modulates AVP and OT release by acting at every level of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. In fact, both 10−10 M and 10−8 M Gal diminished basal release of AVP and OT from t

• Methylprednisolone br Author contributions statement P N Y

  2022-02-07

  

  Author contributions statement P.N.Y. designed the study, analyzed the data and prepared the draft of the manuscript. C.S performed the experiments, analyzed the data and generated Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8. A.K. and S.D. made Supplementary Figs. S1 and S2. D.

• 71 5 mg It would also be interesting

  2022-02-05

  

  It would also be interesting to understand the potential connection between asymmetric histone inheritance and another phenomenon reported by several investigators: selective DNA strand segregation (reviewed by Evano and Tajbakhsh, 2013, Rando, 2007, Tajbakhsh and Gonzalez, 2009). Recent development

• br Conclusions br Introduction Astrocytes

  2022-02-05

  

  Conclusions Introduction Astrocytes contribute to physiological 340 7 australia function on many levels. They help maintain the physiological composition of the extracellular medium by, for instance, buffering potassium and uptake of neurotransmitters. They can also provide neurons with energ

• GnRH ant have been designed to obtain pharmacological compou

  2022-02-04

  

  GnRH-ant have been designed to obtain pharmacological compounds to block the pituitary–gonadal axis without the undesirable flare effect exerted by GnRH itself or by the GnRH-a (see Section 2.2). GnRH-ant competitively block the binding of GnRH to GnRHRs (Schally, 1999; Tan & Bukulmez, 2011); they p

• The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing chemothe

  2022-02-04

  

  The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be mimicked in the laboratory by culturing cancer WAY-600 in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby enforcing the evolution of acquired drug resistance. This has been described in multiple model systems including the rhab

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