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With regard to the first
2025-01-08

With regard to the first question, subcellular fractionation studies revealed that BDK and PPM1K are clearly detectable in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic subcellular fractions, thus making it possible for these enzymes to interact with both the BCKDH and ACL substrates. The preferential presen
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br Conclusions br Author declaration br Acknowledgements br
2025-01-08

Conclusions Author declaration Acknowledgements Introduction ASK1 scaffolding proteins ASK1 adaptor proteins Conclusions Scaffolding and adaptor proteins can coordinate the specific activation of a MAP3K-MAP2K-MAPK pathway in response to various stimuli. For example, both Milame
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Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in cardiovascul
2025-01-08

Although the role of apelin and APJ receptor in cardiovascular functions has been well-elucidated, little is known for the effect of the central apelinergic system on gastrointestinal (GI) functions. In mice, it has been found previously that central exogenous apelin-13 decreased gastric emptying (G
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br Conclusions br Acknowledgments br Introduction The surfac
2025-01-07

Conclusions Acknowledgments Introduction The surface water bodies are affected by effluents containing pollutants from wastewater treatment plants, storm water overflows and run-off from non-point sources like agricultural land and urban city surfaces. This relates to land-based sources occ
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades From ligand sensitization t
2025-01-07

Intracellular Signaling Cascades. From ligand sensitization to translation of genes, all cellular processes are dependent on the intracellular levels and activity of partners involved in the signaling pathway. These signaling events lead to critical post-translational modifications including phospho
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For all three fluorescent dyes used the
2025-01-07

For all three fluorescent dyes used, the double-labeled UQ-bodies showed higher antigen responses. A plausible mechanism for the higher quenching observed for the double-labeled UQ-bodies is the dye-dye quenching due to H-dimer formation [19] between the two dyes introduced into the Fd and L chains.
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LOXs and CYPs are a series of iron containing enzymes
2025-01-07

LOXs and CYPs are a series of iron-containing enzymes that metabolize arachidonic gamma-Glu-Cys to form biologically active products, such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes [6]. Among these mediators, 12/15LO
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br Materials and Methods br Results A
2025-01-07

Materials and Methods Results A total of 28 NSCLC tumor samples from 26 patients (2 patients with paired tumor samples) were included. According to the initial FISH (Abbott Molecular probes) and IHC results, 13 samples were ALK IHC+FISH+, 5 samples were ALK IHC+FISH−, 2 samples (from the same
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br AKT signaling is essential during early
2025-01-07

AKT signaling is essential during early dorsal patterning, neural crest induction and maturation AKT signaling modulates EMT and migration of the neural crest cells The defining feature of NC cells is their delamination from the dorsal neural epithelium. At the end of neurulation, mature premi
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In this article we have outlined the
2025-01-07

In this article, we have outlined the increasing, as yet still circumstantial evidence that the 6TM domains of bacterial ACs might operate as receptors for as yet unknown ligands. Intriguingly, several architectural arguments are also applicable to the 6TM domains of mammalian membrane-bound ACs (mA
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SAR405 Metformin s pluripotent roles are alluded to in
2025-01-07

Metformin's pluripotent roles are alluded to in terms of its antitumorigenic, glucose-lowering, and cardioprotective effects, which are due in part to its upregulation of AMPK activity [39,40]. Metformin's glucose-lowering effect is a result of reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas improved insul
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MicroRNA miRNA is an abundant group of small nucleotide
2025-01-07

MicroRNA (miRNA) is an abundant group of small (22-nucleotide) noncoding RNA molecules that directly binds with 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate gene expression, playing an important role in variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apopto
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Toxicity is the main reason for
2025-01-07

Toxicity is the main reason for the failure at all stages of the new drug development process. The major part of safety-related attrition occurs at preclinical phases while predicting preclinical safety liabilities earlier in the drug development process. This strategy enables the design and/or sele
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Previously we described that cadmium induces a more pronounc
2025-01-07

Previously, we described that cadmium induces a more pronounced, but not selective, cell death on primary cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain (Del Pino et al., 2014). Degeneration of septal cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain, as happens in AD, results in memory deficits (Scheiderer et al.
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Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selective
2025-01-07

Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selectively activate various cholinergic neurons (Jiang et al., 2014). However, most do not explicitly report direct release of GABA from cholinergic fibers, with the exception of our two studies described above (Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et
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