• AKT has been shown to be important for G

  2024-04-01

  

  AKT1 has been shown to be important for G1-S checkpoint transition and proliferation, whereas AKT2 regulates cell-cycle exit through its interaction with p21 (Héron-Milhavet et al., 2006). In a recent study in triple negative breast cancer, AKT3, rather than AKT1 activity was most important for cell

• The direction of research then

  2024-04-01

  

  The direction of research then turned to investigating the long-term effects of adiponectin on insulin resistance. Adiponectin transgenic mice showed a reduction in insulin resistance and diabetes [5,6], while adiponectin-deficient mice showed mild insulin resistance with glucose intolerance, as wel

• In another study authors found

  2024-04-01

  

  In another study, authors found that ADORA1 were present on the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (ipRGCs), and application of adenosine to rat retinas reduced light-evoked spiking of ipRGCs through suppression of a cAMP-mediated pathway (Sodhi and Hart

• Crohn s disease an inflammatory bowel disease that affects t

  2024-04-01

  

  Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by a polymorphism in ULK1 autophagy gene due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, the autophagic process is impaired during the disease. The mutations in the leuc

• Regulators of the DDR have therefore become attractive targe

  2024-04-01

  

  Regulators of the DDR have therefore become attractive targets for cancer therapy primarily through two potential approaches. First, to be used as chemo- or radiosensitisers to increase the effectiveness of standard genotoxic treatments and to help prevent or overcome the development of resistance.

• Introduction Cytochrome P CYP aromatase catalyzes the conver

  2024-04-01

  

  Introduction Cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19; aromatase) catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in a three-reaction sequence, where each step depends on NADPH and O2 [[1], [2], [3]]. The first two steps are accepted to be hydroxylations of the steroid C19 methyl group, whereas the final step

• It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB

  2024-03-30

  

  It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB to condensed chromatin may not be restricted to apoptotic cells. That HMGB proteins might actually be involved in the organization and/or maintenance of heterochromatic regions is suggested by the results of experiments analyzing the stable binding of the

• br AR signaling and urothelial cancer

  2024-03-30

  

  AR signaling and urothelial cancer progression As shown in other types of malignancies, such as prostate cancer cells, it has been documented that androgens induce AR expression and its nuclear translocation as well as ARE promoter activity in urothelial cancer cells (Chen et al., 2003, Izumi et 

• APP is a member of a conserved protein family

  2024-03-30

  

  APP is a member of a conserved protein family that also includes amyloid precursor-like proteins 1 and 2 (APLP1, APLP2).8, 9, 10 The proteins in this family are type I single-pass transmembrane mma f with receptor-like structural features but not entirely clear cellular functions.11, 12, 13, 14 The

• br Possible complementarity of trimming pathways

  2024-03-30

  

  Possible complementarity of trimming pathways Determining the exact pathway for the generation or destruction of MHCI peptide ligands by ERAP1 is important for our understanding of the shaping of the immunopeptidome and for designing inhibitors that can manipulate it. It is also possible however

• br Effective therapeutic window of AR actions on ROP

  2024-03-30

  

  Effective therapeutic window of AR actions on ROP Retinal vasculature undergoes critical developmental changes postnatally: from P7 onward the superficial 5959 start sprouting vertically in retina to form first the deep then the intermediated vascular plexus in the retina of C57BL/6 mice (Smith

• In an attempt to complete the

  2024-03-30

  

  In an attempt to complete the overview of resistance mechanisms in Spanish codling moth populations, the aims of the present work were to assess the actual occurrence of AChE and kdr mutations in codling moth field populations from different pome fruit-growing areas of Spain, concurrently with the f

• Because activation of HT A receptor is capable of

  2024-03-30

  

  Because activation of 5-HT2A receptor is capable of facilitating dopamine cell activity and dopamine release (Bortolozzi et al., 2003), and this action of dopamine is known to mediate rat maternal behavior, especially maternal motivation (Afonso et al., 2007, Febo et al., 2010, Li and Fleming, 2003,

• Skeletal pain associated with bone fracture is

  2024-03-29

  

  Skeletal pain associated with bone fracture is another area of critical need for a novel pain medication. NSAIDs and opiates are the two major therapies currently used to manage bone fracture pain. However, both of these therapies lead to significant unwanted side effects. Using the osteotomy model

• Roles of Aurora kinases in

  2024-03-29

  

  Roles of Aurora kinases in directly activating multiple oncogenic pathways and promoting proliferation as well as transformation have also been demonstrated. Aurora-A has been shown to up-regulate telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA through c-myc [26]. The kinase was also implicated in activating

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